Industry data on CAM overcharge rates, how much tenants recover when they audit, and the structural reasons why billing errors are as common as they are.
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Find My OverchargesSee a sample report first40% of CAM reconciliations across U.S. retail centers contain material errors. That's the finding from a Tango Analytics industry analysis cited by PredictAP in February 2026. These aren't minor rounding discrepancies, they're "material breaches of lease calculations that cumulatively cost the industry an estimated $15 billion annually in misallocated capital."
The rate is high enough that CAM overcharging shouldn't be treated as an anomaly. It's the norm. Most tenants never check, so most overcharges stay unrecovered.
40% of reconciliations contain material errors (Tango Analytics, cited by PredictAP, "The $15 Billion Problem Hiding in Plain Sight," February 13, 2026). The analysis focused on U.S. retail center reconciliations.
28% of tenants discovered discrepancies independently. Per a JLL industry report cited by PredictAP and Springboard (2023, referenced 2025/2026): nearly 28% of tenants found discrepancies in their annual CAM reconciliations on their own. Only a small percentage pursued formal professional audits despite finding those discrepancies.
Tenants who audit recover 15–20% of billed charges on average. When tenants do engage professional lease auditors, industry analyses show average recovery of 15–20% of total billed CAM charges.
CAM represents 15–35% of total occupancy costs. According to BOMA data cited in industry analyses, CAM charges account for 15–35% of a tenant's total occupancy cost depending on property type and region. For a retail tenant paying $30/sqft in base rent and $10/sqft in CAM, CAM is 25% of their total rent obligation.
The 40% figure isn't explained by intentional fraud. The structural causes are operational:
Your reconciliation is a data export from property management software, most likely Yardi, MRI, or AppFolio. These platforms process hundreds of thousands of expense transactions per property per year. Account coding decisions made by entry-level property accountants determine what ends up in the recoverable CAM pool.
Yardi's 7000-series accounts are supposed to contain only operating expenses. Capital accounts (8000-series) should not appear in the CAM pool. In practice, a roof replacement gets coded to an account that flows into the wrong recovery pool, and it hits every tenant's bill as an operating expense for that year. The error is often unintentional, and it happens at scale.
The CAM definition in your lease was drafted by attorneys. The system configuration in the landlord's property management software was set up by IT and accounting professionals. These two groups often don't talk to each other. When the lease excludes "above-property management fees," someone has to configure the software to keep those fees out of the recoverable pool. That configuration step is frequently missed or done incorrectly.
Vendor invoices come into the property management system through a mix of manual entry and OCR scanning. OCR failures and manual entry errors can miscategorize individual invoices, a capital improvement invoice scanned into an operating expense account, a contractor invoice for excluded services coded to a recoverable CAM account.
CAM reconciliations are typically prepared in January through March for the prior calendar year. This is the busiest period for property accounting teams. Errors made under time pressure tend to be less carefully reviewed before statements go out.
Based on the structural sources of overcharging, the most common material error types are:
Capital expenditures charged as operating expenses. A $500,000 parking lot reconstruction or HVAC system replacement appears as a single-year operating expense. Under GAAP, it should be depreciated over its useful life, only the annual depreciation amount should flow into CAM, and many leases explicitly exclude capital expenditures entirely.
Management fee overcharges. The fee is calculated on the wrong base (e.g., including taxes and insurance in the revenue figure used for the percentage calculation), producing a fee that exceeds the lease cap even at the correct percentage.
Gross-up applied to fixed expenses. Variable expenses (utilities, janitorial) can legitimately be grossed up to stabilized occupancy. Fixed expenses (property taxes, insurance, landscaping) should not be, they don't change with occupancy. When gross-up is applied to fixed costs, the adjustment inflates the CAM pool with expenses that wouldn't increase even if the building were fully occupied.
Pro-rata share denominator errors. Using an occupied-only denominator rather than total GLA, or excluding anchor tenants from the denominator while including their portion of common area expenses, inflates in-line tenant shares.
CAM cap violations. Many leases cap annual increases in controllable CAM expenses at 3–5%. When property management software isn't manually configured to enforce these caps, they go unenforced and tenants pay above the contractual ceiling.
If you're in a 10,000 sqft space paying $6/sqft/year in CAM ($60,000/year total), and a professional audit finds overcharges averaging 17.5% of billed charges:
The recovery is meaningful for most commercial leases. The reason more tenants don't audit is visibility, not math. Most tenants assume the reconciliation is correct, or they don't know they have the right to challenge it.
Some tenants are more likely to have problematic reconciliations than others:
Large retail spaces in multi-tenant centers. The 40% figure comes from retail reconciliations specifically. Retail CAM is more complex than industrial CAM and involves more expense categories.
Tenants in recently acquired properties. When a building changes ownership, new management teams inherit old system configurations. Errors that the prior management team introduced may continue under the new owner.
Tenants who have never audited before. Landlords who know tenants audit routinely have some incentive to get the reconciliation right. Landlords who know their tenants never check have less operational pressure to catch errors.
Long-term tenants in buildings with prior management. Errors introduced early in a lease term compound. A tenant who has been in a space for 8 years and has never audited may have 8 years of accumulating overcharges to recover (subject to the statute of limitations).
A professional CAM audit requires:
An auditor compares each expense line against the lease's CAM definition, checks the management fee against the lease cap and formula, verifies the pro-rata share denominator, and checks for any gross-up violations.
For a systematic walkthrough of what those checks look like, see the CAM Overcharge Detection Playbook.
Intentional fraud in CAM billing exists but isn't the primary driver of the 40% error rate. Most errors result from account miscoding, software configuration issues, and the gap between lease language and accounting practice. Tenants who audit frequently find legitimate errors rather than deliberate fraud. The distinction matters less than the outcome, overcharges cost tenants money regardless of intent.
The value of auditing depends on the balance due, the size of your space, and how long you've been in the lease. For a $1,000 reconciliation on a small space in the first year of a lease, a formal professional audit probably doesn't pencil out. For a $10,000+ reconciliation on a larger space, or for any reconciliation at the end of a multi-year period, the average recovery rate makes an audit financially attractive.
No published data covers this precisely. The 40% error rate in Tango Analytics' analysis applies to reconciliations generally, meaning roughly 4 out of 10 would contain a material error worth disputing. Individual audit recovery rates of 15–20% of billed charges suggest that when auditors find something, it tends to be meaningful.
The error rate likely doesn't vary much by tenant size, it reflects landlord accounting and system practices, not tenant characteristics. However, large companies with dedicated real estate finance teams are more likely to audit routinely, which means smaller businesses who never audit may be sitting on more accumulated unrecovered overcharges.
A self-directed review can identify obvious errors: CapEx items, management fees that clearly exceed the lease cap, pro-rata percentages that don't match your lease. The harder-to-find errors, gross-up on fixed expenses, vendor invoice discrepancies, management fee base manipulation, typically require more specialized knowledge. CAMAudit's free audit automates the systematic forensic checks that would otherwise require a professional auditor.
For a full breakdown of the 12 systematic error types that CAM auditors check, see the CAM Overcharge Detection Playbook. For context on the NNN lease structure and how CAM billing works, see the NNN Lease Tenant Guide. Ready to take action? Learn how to detect and recover CAM overcharges.
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